Liyai,
Nakushukuru kwa maelezo yako lakini sikubaliani nayo na sioni maelezo ya Kiswahili humo ndani - ni kama unaielezea lugha nyingine kabisa. Ngoja niyaweke hapa kama ulivyoandika:
Mwanzo, neno Kufa ni Jina litokanalo na kitenzi fa na kwa sababu litenzi hiki hakiwezi kusimama pekeyake, kiambishi awali(prefix)"ku-" hutiwa mwanzoni au kiambishi riki hutiwa mwishoni (sufix) ili kutoa maana ya kuiaga dunia. Kuna maneno mengine mengi ya Kiswahili ambayo hayawezi kutoa maana yakiwa tenge kwa mfano la ,ja nywa, nya ,n.k. ku huongezwa.
1. Hakuna tatizo lolote la kitenzi "-fa" ambacho kikiandikwa kama kitenzi cha kawaida kwenye muundo wa kinomino (infinitive verb), huwa "kufa". Kiambishi awali "ku-" huwekwa kwenye kitenzi hiki kama ilivyo kwenye vingine ambavyo mzizi wake (au shina) una silabi moja tu (monosyllabic verb), mathalani: kupa, kucha, kuchwa, kuja, kunywa, kunya, na hata kuwa, kuwa na.
2. Kitendo cha kuweka kiambishi awali "ku-" hakibadilishi maana ya kitenzi chochote wala kuongeza maana yake, mfano ni vitenzi vyote hapo juu -pa, -cha, -chwa, -ja, -nywa, -nya, -wa, na -wa na. Hakuna maana inayobadilika hapo. Hivi ni vitenzi vitokanavyo na lugha za kibantu na vina sifa kuu moja: kwamba mzizi au shina lake linaundwa na silabi moja tu. Hakuna unyambulishaji wa maana bali kwa sababu za kisarufi inalazimu kuweka kiambishi awali hiki.
3. Hivyo basi, kitenzi "kufa" kama nomino ya kitenzi au katika uasili wake "-fa" hakina sababu ya kuchanganywa na kitenzi "kufariki" ama "-fariki" ingawa vyote hufikisha ujumbe mmoja kwa kiasi kikubwa. Wala hatuwezi kusema eti hakina maana na ndiyo maana kuna nyongeza ya kiambishi awali "ku-". Kufa maana yake ni kutokwa na uhai, kupoteza maisha - wakati kufarki (dunia) maana yake ni kuaga dunia, kutengana na dunia. Hii ndiyo sababu kitenzi "kufa" hutumika kwa viumbe wote, mfano, mbwa wetu amekufa; wakati "kufariki dunia" hutumika kwa wanadamu tu, mfano: mwalimu wetu amefariki dunia. Tunahitaji kuongeza neno "dunia" ili kupata lugha kamili na huu ni uthibitisho mmojawapo kwamba "kufa" na "kufariki" ni maneno tofauti ingawa maana yake inaishia kuwa moja kwa kiasi kikubwa. Aidha, kuaga dunia ni pale tu mtu anapokufa na si pale anapokwenda kwenye sayari ama anga za juu hata kama atapunga mkono kuaga.
4. Binadamu ana heshima yake inayomfanya achukuliwe kwamba kufa kwake ni kuaga dunia wakati wanyama hawapewi heshima hiyo. Hakuna lolote la ajabu kwenye lugha yetu ya Kiswahili kwamba heshima zinaweza kutofautiana. Mfano, kwa wanyama tunasema: ng'ombe amezaa; kwa binadamu tunasema; mke wa jirani yetu amejifungua (kwenye matumizi mengine inabidi kitenzi "kuzaa" kitumike kwa binadamu, mfano, ...rafiki yangu alizaa watoto wawili na mke wa jirani yake).
5. Kuthibitisha kwamba kiambishi awali "ku-" hakihitajiki ili kukiwekea maana kitenzi "-fa" kama unavyodai, nakupa mifano hii ya minyambuliko ya vitenzi kwa mujibu wa nyakati - naweka katika muundo chanya na hasi ili upime mwenyewe:
(a) Mchezaji anakufa .........Mchezaji hafi (sentensi ya pili haina ku-).
(b) Mchezaji alikufa ...........Mchezaji hakufa (sentensi ya pili ina "-ku-" lakini hii ni ya wakati uliopita katika hasi na si ile ya kitenzi kufa, mfano "hakusema").
(c) Mchezaji amekufa ........Mchezaji hajafa (kwenye sentensi ya pili hakuna ku-).
(d) Mtu mzembe hufa ........Mtu mzembe huwa hafi (sentensi zote mbili hazina ku-).
Kama kiambishi awali kingekuwa na maana ni dhahiri kwamba kingewekwa mara zote.
Nina hofu kwamba Liyai umejifunza Kiswahili kwa wajuaji wanaoongeza mambo ya ajabu ajabu. Ushauri wangu: kuwa mwangalifu; Kiswahili kina ukweli wake.
Asante,
Mobhare Matinyi.
Date: Mon, 30 Jul 2012 23:03:00 -0700
From: pauliyai@yahoo.com
Subject: Re: [wanabidii] Kiswahili Sanifu
To: wanabidii@googlegroups.com
--
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Nakushukuru kwa maelezo yako lakini sikubaliani nayo na sioni maelezo ya Kiswahili humo ndani - ni kama unaielezea lugha nyingine kabisa. Ngoja niyaweke hapa kama ulivyoandika:
Mwanzo, neno Kufa ni Jina litokanalo na kitenzi fa na kwa sababu litenzi hiki hakiwezi kusimama pekeyake, kiambishi awali(prefix)"ku-" hutiwa mwanzoni au kiambishi riki hutiwa mwishoni (sufix) ili kutoa maana ya kuiaga dunia. Kuna maneno mengine mengi ya Kiswahili ambayo hayawezi kutoa maana yakiwa tenge kwa mfano la ,ja nywa, nya ,n.k. ku huongezwa.
1. Hakuna tatizo lolote la kitenzi "-fa" ambacho kikiandikwa kama kitenzi cha kawaida kwenye muundo wa kinomino (infinitive verb), huwa "kufa". Kiambishi awali "ku-" huwekwa kwenye kitenzi hiki kama ilivyo kwenye vingine ambavyo mzizi wake (au shina) una silabi moja tu (monosyllabic verb), mathalani: kupa, kucha, kuchwa, kuja, kunywa, kunya, na hata kuwa, kuwa na.
2. Kitendo cha kuweka kiambishi awali "ku-" hakibadilishi maana ya kitenzi chochote wala kuongeza maana yake, mfano ni vitenzi vyote hapo juu -pa, -cha, -chwa, -ja, -nywa, -nya, -wa, na -wa na. Hakuna maana inayobadilika hapo. Hivi ni vitenzi vitokanavyo na lugha za kibantu na vina sifa kuu moja: kwamba mzizi au shina lake linaundwa na silabi moja tu. Hakuna unyambulishaji wa maana bali kwa sababu za kisarufi inalazimu kuweka kiambishi awali hiki.
3. Hivyo basi, kitenzi "kufa" kama nomino ya kitenzi au katika uasili wake "-fa" hakina sababu ya kuchanganywa na kitenzi "kufariki" ama "-fariki" ingawa vyote hufikisha ujumbe mmoja kwa kiasi kikubwa. Wala hatuwezi kusema eti hakina maana na ndiyo maana kuna nyongeza ya kiambishi awali "ku-". Kufa maana yake ni kutokwa na uhai, kupoteza maisha - wakati kufarki (dunia) maana yake ni kuaga dunia, kutengana na dunia. Hii ndiyo sababu kitenzi "kufa" hutumika kwa viumbe wote, mfano, mbwa wetu amekufa; wakati "kufariki dunia" hutumika kwa wanadamu tu, mfano: mwalimu wetu amefariki dunia. Tunahitaji kuongeza neno "dunia" ili kupata lugha kamili na huu ni uthibitisho mmojawapo kwamba "kufa" na "kufariki" ni maneno tofauti ingawa maana yake inaishia kuwa moja kwa kiasi kikubwa. Aidha, kuaga dunia ni pale tu mtu anapokufa na si pale anapokwenda kwenye sayari ama anga za juu hata kama atapunga mkono kuaga.
4. Binadamu ana heshima yake inayomfanya achukuliwe kwamba kufa kwake ni kuaga dunia wakati wanyama hawapewi heshima hiyo. Hakuna lolote la ajabu kwenye lugha yetu ya Kiswahili kwamba heshima zinaweza kutofautiana. Mfano, kwa wanyama tunasema: ng'ombe amezaa; kwa binadamu tunasema; mke wa jirani yetu amejifungua (kwenye matumizi mengine inabidi kitenzi "kuzaa" kitumike kwa binadamu, mfano, ...rafiki yangu alizaa watoto wawili na mke wa jirani yake).
5. Kuthibitisha kwamba kiambishi awali "ku-" hakihitajiki ili kukiwekea maana kitenzi "-fa" kama unavyodai, nakupa mifano hii ya minyambuliko ya vitenzi kwa mujibu wa nyakati - naweka katika muundo chanya na hasi ili upime mwenyewe:
(a) Mchezaji anakufa .........Mchezaji hafi (sentensi ya pili haina ku-).
(b) Mchezaji alikufa ...........Mchezaji hakufa (sentensi ya pili ina "-ku-" lakini hii ni ya wakati uliopita katika hasi na si ile ya kitenzi kufa, mfano "hakusema").
(c) Mchezaji amekufa ........Mchezaji hajafa (kwenye sentensi ya pili hakuna ku-).
(d) Mtu mzembe hufa ........Mtu mzembe huwa hafi (sentensi zote mbili hazina ku-).
Kama kiambishi awali kingekuwa na maana ni dhahiri kwamba kingewekwa mara zote.
Nina hofu kwamba Liyai umejifunza Kiswahili kwa wajuaji wanaoongeza mambo ya ajabu ajabu. Ushauri wangu: kuwa mwangalifu; Kiswahili kina ukweli wake.
Asante,
Mobhare Matinyi.
Date: Mon, 30 Jul 2012 23:03:00 -0700
From: pauliyai@yahoo.com
Subject: Re: [wanabidii] Kiswahili Sanifu
To: wanabidii@googlegroups.com
Ndugu Wapenzi wa Kiswahili,
Kwanza ningependa kuwashukuru sana kwa michango ya maoni na elimu mnayoitoa katika makala haya. Pili, kwangu mimi ningesema kuwa neno Kufa halitumiwi kwa sababu alizotoa Selemani pale chini na kwasababu za kisarufi. Mwanzo, neno Kufa ni Jina litokanalo na kitenzi fa na kwa sababu litenzi hiki hakiwezi kusimama pekeyake, kiambishi awali(prefix)"ku-" hutiwa mwanzoni au kiambishi riki hutiwa mwishoni (sufix) ili kutoa maana ya kuiaga dunia. Kuna maneno mengine mengi ya Kiswahili ambayo hayawezi kutoa maana yakiwa tenge kwa mfano la ,ja nywa, nya ,n.k. ku huongezwa.
Asanteni
Paulo
From: Maurice Oduor <mauricejoduor@gmail.com>
To: wanabidii@googlegroups.com
Sent: Monday, July 30, 2012 11:17 PM
Subject: Re: [wanabidii] Kiswahili Sanifu
I really want to thank you Tanzanians for these lessons in Swahili. I've always thought that I know everything in Swahili until I talk to a Tanzanian. I think what we speak in Mombasa is a KiMvita which is heavily diluted with Arab words.
Courage,
Oduor Maurice
2012/7/30 Telesphor Magobe <tmagobe@gmail.com>
Thanks guys for a good lesson.
On 7/30/12, weston mbuba <matutetz@yahoo.com> wrote:
> Selemani,
> Ukitumia "amefariki" lazima uongezee na "dunia", yaani amefaiki dunia.
> Fariki inatokana na faraka, yaani tengana au achana. Kwa hiyo ni ametengana
> na dunia au ameachana na dunia.
>
> --- On Mon, 7/30/12, selemani swalehe <semkiwas@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>
> From: selemani swalehe <semkiwas@gmail.com>
> Subject: Re: [wanabidii] Kiswahili Sanifu
> To: wanabidii@googlegroups.com
> Date: Monday, July 30, 2012, 5:10 AM
>
>
>
>
> Telesphor, Kuna maneno maalum ya kuonyesha kuwa binadamu ana thamani zaidi
> ya viumbe wengine hivyo kiungwana binadamu hufariki japo ndio kufa kwenyewe
> lakini tunasema X amefariki sio X amekufa.
> Tunaweza kusema ng'ombe amekufa au mbwa au mbuzi na kadhalika
> Na wala hatuwezi kusema ng'ombe amefariki.
>
> 2012/7/28 Telesphor Magobe <tmagobe@gmail.com>
>
> Ndugu wanabidii, hata mimi naomba msaada kwa hili. Someone is dead and
> you are the one supposed to inform relatives and friends. What will
> you say! X amekufa au amefariki?
>
> On 7/28/12, selemani swalehe <semkiwas@gmail.com> wrote:
>> Kwangu mimi kukana mashtaka ni kukataa /kutokubali mashtaka unayoshtakiwa
>> kwayo.
>> Na kukanusha ni kufafanua kwa maelezo ni jinsi gani huhusiki na hayo
>> mashtaka
>>
>>
>> 2012/7/28 Fadhy Mtanga <fadhy613@yahoo.com>
>>
>>> Ahsanteni sana maana nimejifunza jambo kubwa leo katika lugha.
>>>
>>> lilian.ruga@yahoo.com wrote:
>>>
>>> >Matinyi neno Kubaka nalo je?
>>> >Sent from my BlackBerry® smartphone on the Tigo Tanzania Network
>>> >
>>> >-----Original Message-----
>>> >From: Mobhare Matinyi <matinyi@hotmail.com>
>>> >Sender: wanabidii@googlegroups.com
>>> >Date: Fri, 27 Jul 2012 12:02:20
>>> >To: <wanabidii@googlegroups.com>
>>> >Reply-To: wanabidii@googlegroups.com
>>> >Subject: RE: [wanabidii] Kiswahili Sanifu
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >Odour,
>>> >
>>> >Kwa mujibu wa Kamusi ya Kiswahili-Kiingereza ya TUKI, Toleo la Kwanza,
>>> 2001: (-kana kutoka kukana; -kanusha kutoka kukanusha)
>>> >-kana = deny, disown, renounce, decline, contradict, disclaim, negate
>>> (Uk. 127).
>>> >-kanusha = refute, deny, disprove, retract, negate (Uk. 128).
>>> >
>>> >Naomba tuchukue maneno mawili ambayo yamo kote kote, yaani deny na
>>> negate, kisha tuangalie kwenye:
>>> >Kamusi ya TUKI ya Kiingereza-Kiswahili, Toleo la Tatu, 2006, Uk. 222 &
>>> >Deny = -kana, -kanusha (Uk. 222).
>>> >Negate = -kana, -kanusha (Uk. 593).
>>> >
>>> >Nyongeza ya kisarufi na siyo ya kimsamiati/kiistilahi:
>>> >Kitenzi "kana" ni cha kawaida (regular verb) wakati kitenzi "kanusha"
>>> > ni
>>> kitenzi sababishi (causative verb).
>>> >Mfano wa kitenzi wa vitenzi hivi ni kama hivi:
>>> >kula = kulisha
>>> >kupita = kupitisha
>>> >kucheka = kuchekesha
>>> >kuweza = kuwezesha
>>> >kujaa = kujaza
>>> >kutembea = kutembeza
>>> >kurudi = kurudisha
>>> >kuamka = kuamsha
>>> >
>>> >Naomba umalizie majibu ya maswali yaliyobaki wewe mwenyewe kama zoezi
>>> > la
>>> nyumbani kwa sababu u mtaalamu pia.
>>> >
>>> >Matinyi.
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >Date: Fri, 27 Jul 2012 03:03:29 -0700
>>> >From: pauliyai@yahoo.com
>>> >Subject: Re: [wanabidii] Kiswahili Sanifu
>>> >To: wanabidii@googlegroups.com
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >Oduor na wengine,
>>> >Kwangu mimi kukana mashtaka ni kutokubali kuwa uliyafanya mambo
>>> uliyoshitakiwa kwayo na kukanuasha mashtaka ni kupinga mashtaka kwa
>>> niaba
>>> ya mtendaji au wengine kuwa mashtaka hayo si kweli. Katika kukana
>>> mashtaka,
>>> unakubali kuwa sheria ilivunjwa lakini si wewe uliyetenda uhalifu huo.
>>> Katika kukanusha mashtaka, unapinga kuwa hakukuwa na uvunjaji wa sheria
>>> au
>>> uhalifu.
>>> >shukrani.
>>> >Paulo
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >From: Maurice Oduor <mauricejoduor@gmail.com>
>>> >To: wanabidii <wanabidii@googlegroups.com>
>>> >Sent: Friday, July 27, 2012 4:13 PM
>>> >Subject: [wanabidii] Kiswahili Sanifu
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >Enyi wataalamu wa Kiswahili. Ni ipi iliyosanifu?
>>> >
>>> >Kukana mashtaka; ama
>>> >
>>> >Kukanusha mashtaka ???????
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >Courage,
>>> >Oduor Maurice
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >--
>>> >Karibu Jukwaa la http://www.mwanabidii.com/
>>> >Pata nafasi mpya za Kazi http://www.kazibongo.blogspot.com/
>>> >Blogu ya Habari na Picha http://www.patahabari.blogspot.com/
>>> >
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>>> >
>>> >Disclaimer:
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>>> legal consequences of his or her postings, and hence statements and
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>>> must be presented responsibly. Your continued membership signifies that
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>>> agree to this disclaimer and pledge to abide by our Rules and
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>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >
>>> >--
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Kujiondoa Tuma Email kwenda
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Everyone posting to this Forum bears the sole responsibility for any legal consequences of his or her postings, and hence statements and facts must be presented responsibly. Your continued membership signifies that you agree to this disclaimer and pledge to abide by our Rules and Guidelines.
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