---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: <EAcircle@yahoogroups.com>
Date: Aug 22, 2012 8:26 PM
Subject: [EAcircle] Digest Number 3710
To: <EAcircle@yahoogroups.com>
http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=280759
Bahraini Monarch Supports Isarali Stance
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Subject: Dialogue on economic activity
If you want to take to trade for a profession, get a clear picture of your
religion.
With these words, my father inaugurated today's dialogue and carried on,
quoting Imam Ja'far bin Mohammad as-Sadiq as saying:
Whomsoever wants to make a living out of trading, must be conversant with
matters of religion, so that they can draw the line between halal and
haraam. Whoever entered into the arena of trade without acquiring an
insight into religious knowledge, could easily fall into the trap of
judicial error (shubuhat).
Many people may experience problems because of being either unaware of it,
or choosing to ignore it; thus, committing error of judgement.
Since I am still not able to outline the relationship between fiqh
(jurisprudence or religious knowledge) and trade, I asked my father:
* What is the connection between acquiring religious knowledge and trade?
- Well, The Lawgiver has catered for the handling of all aspects of our
economic life, guaranteeing equity, the good utilization, distribution and
transfer of wealth between all sections of society. The ultimate objective
of this is the public good and welfare..
It is, therefore, quite natural that, in order for The Lawgiver to apply
His economic principles, He to devise a number of parameters to permit or
forbid certain economic activities at times, and make difficult or easy
certain avenues at other times.
The Lawgiver, thus, obligates the mukallaf to earn a living to maintain
himself and his dependants, such as wife, children, and parents..
In so doing, The Legislator does not leave the door open for the bread
winner to practise any work he chooses, for there are many economic
activities that are forbidden.
* For example?
- Handling intoxicants is haraam.
Selling dogs, except hunting dogs, is haraam.
Selling pigs is haraam.
Selling the carcasses of animals which have not been pausfully slaughtered,
including their meat and leather, is haraam.
Dealing with usurped property is haraam.
Selling gambling tools and equipments and instruments of forbidden
amusement, such as violin, is haraam.
Cheating is haraam.
Usury is haraam.
Commercial monopoly is haraam.. For example the monopoly of staple food,
and all that which goes into preparing it - fuel, salt, oil, etc. Hoarding
such goods, while denying the public sale at reasonable prices, in
anticipation of higher prices, is haraam.
Bribing the judiciary to pass right or wrong judgements is haraam.
Playing in gambling tools, such as chess, dominos, backgammon, and betting
on them is haraam; even playing chess and backgammon [and the like] without
betting is haraam.
False bidding, i.e. with the aim of enticing others to buy merchandise at a
rigged price, is haraam [even if it was free from malice].
Dealing with stolen property or buying what has been procured with gambling
money is haraam, etc.
* These are forbidden. Are there any activities that are makrouh?
- Yes, there are some economic activities that the Lawgiver deem
detestable. Shying away from such activities is not binding for the
mukallaf; it is, therefore, makrouh not haraam.
* Could you give me an example?
- Selling real estate (one's own house) is makrouh, unless you want to buy
another property with the proceeds of the sold one.
Exchanging (selling) gold for gold or silver for silver, without a profit
is makrouh; doing so for a profit, is haraam.
Borrowing money from a fledgling wealthy person is makrouh.
It is makrouh too to take slaughtering animals for a profession, so is
cupping (hijamah), and vending shrouds.
Makrouh still are some dealings and methods pertaining to commercial
activity.
* For example?
- Concealing the imperfections of goods, provided that it does not lead to
deceit. If it does it is haraam.
Swearing (by God) in haggling over a price, even if it is with good
intention and truthfulness. As for false swearing, it is haraam.
Makrouh, too, is making exorbitant profit.
Asking for a discount, after the sale has been concluded.
It is makrouh to sell goods in a dimly lit place, where defective goods may
go undetected.
Touting for business by the vendor, and fault finding by the buyer.
* These are some of the activities that are makrouh. Are there any that
are mustahab?
- Yes, there certain dealings that are mustahab. And here are some
examples:
Lending the believer money without interest.
Buying real estate.
Offering money to someone with the aim of setting them up in business with
an agreed profit sharing formula.
There are some dealings and methods that are highly praised, such as
charging all customers the same price for goods, and saving preferential
prices for the poor. Thus, the vendor should not discriminate against the
customer who drives a hard bargain.
It is mustabab, too, for the vendor to accept revocation of the sale of
goods (or services), should the buyer change his mind. Thus, the latter
should be refunded.
It is mustahab to accept the shortfall (naqis) and give away the gain
(rajih).
Flexibility in pricing is called for.
It is also mustahab to keep a business facility open.
It is recommended to vigorously seek work and go about one's business to
earn a living for oneself and dependants.
It is mustahab to be charitable and magnanimous in selling, and making an
effort to seek out good quality merchandise for selling.
Searching for work, albeit away from home (ightirab) and getting up early
to report for it is mustahab.
Finally, there is a type of business activity that is neither loved nor
hated by the Lawgiver. One is free to pursue or leave, as is the case of
many business activities prevalent nowadays.
Furthermore, Islam has devised an array of conditions that should be
fulfilled. Some are applicable to the merchandise itself, and sale
agreement; others concern vendor and buyer.
* What conditions should be present in what is being sold?
- Many. These are:
1. The knowledge of the quantity, weight, number, area, etc., as the case
may be, of what is being sold.
2. The ability to deliver what has been sold. One cannot sell fish in the
river, i.e. that has not been caught, or a flying bird. It is feasible,
though, if the buyer is himself able to take delivery of that which has
been sold, such as a runaway animal.
3. Knowledge, in general terms, of particular attributes, of the thing
sold, such as colour, taste, good or inferior quality that may lead to a
variation in price.
4. The thing sold should be free from any third party rights. It is
permissible to sell a pawned item without the permission of the original
owner; likewise, it is not permissible to sell an endowment, unless it is
no longer viable in serving the public interest, or it was becoming
unviable.
5. In certain cases, the thing sold should be the capital asset itself,
i.e. a house, a book, an instrument, not the benefit/usage thereof.
That said, my father added: Suppose certain commodities in a given country
are only sold by weight, you should not attempt to sell them differently,
say, by piece and so on. This is so as not to mislead the buyer.
* Could you give me an example?
- If selling apples in a given country is normally done by weight, you
should not attempt to sell them individually. And if milk is sold by litre
in a particular country, you are not allowed to sell it by weight.
There are, though, conditions that should be present in the transaction,
e.g. you should not attach strings that were not present at the time of
concluding the deal.
To further illustrate this, you are not allowed to make the sale of your
car conditional upon, for example, a baby boy being born to you and your
wife. Rather, an amended sale contract must be entered into, if the baby
boy was born.
* What are the conditions that must be fulfilled by the two parties of the
sale contract?
- He who embarks on doing business must be adult, sane, of a legal age,
intent on selling, having free will and not coerced, having discretion over
what he is selling, whether he may be the owner himself , his deputy, or
his guardian.
* What if the owner of a property or any thing else was forced to sell the
same?
- The sale is not in order, if it was precipitated by fear of the
consequences of refusal to sell, such as fearing for one's life or
wellbeing or that of his dependants or relatives..
* Sometimes one find himself forced, through circumstance, to move house,
thus entailing selling some of his property and/or his other possessions.
- This type of sale is sound.
* If the person who is initiating the sale is not the owner or anyone else
legally appointed by him, such as a relative, a friend, or a neighbour,
would the transaction still be valid?
- It is not valid, unless permission is granted by the owner or his
legally appointed attorney.
* What about usurped property that had been sold and the owner gave his
consent afterwards?
- The sale should be legally valid.
* And what about the property of the minor, should he be interested in
selling what is lawfully his?
- The sale of small unimportant items, that such a minor person is used to
dealing with, is correct. The sale of other things, he initiates
independently, is not sound.
* Who is allowed to sell the property of a minor?
- His guardian, be it his father, paternal grandfather, legal guardian
appointed by either, and the Marji', if the aforesaid are no longer alive.
The father of the minor can, therefore, sell the property of his son or
daughter, provided that no malice was intended. The Marji' can act
likewise, if he sees that the minor's interest is served.
* Is it all right for the minor to act as a proxy of his guardian in
selling his own property?
- Yes, he has the right.
* If any sale transaction, that satisfies all the conditions discussed,
was entered into, can either party change their mind?
- The sale contract can be cancelled in a number of cases:
1. If the buyer and seller were still at the scene where the transaction
took place or they were together on the road, either of them may opt out;
otherwise the sale cannot be revoked.
2. If either party of the sale transaction was swindled, they can abrogate
the sale. For example, if the seller, unwittingly, sold the goods for much
less than the market price, he has the right to retract the sale. By the
same token, the buyer could repeal the purchase and get his money back, if
he found out that he paid an exorbitant price for it.
3. Should the buyer find out that the goods he has purchased do not fit
the description and the specifications the seller has claimed were present,
or they do not tally with what he had already seen by way of specimen or
otherwise, he has the right to return the goods and get a refund.
4. If both parties to the sale contract stipulate that either can cancel
the deal within a prescribed period of time, they can cancel it within that
time limit.
5. If any party to the sale transaction pledged to act in an agreed way
and later reneged, or if the buyer requested certain properties to be
present in the goods, that he found lacking when taking delivery of the
goods, he has the right to repeal the...
-- From: <EAcircle@yahoogroups.com>
Date: Aug 22, 2012 8:26 PM
Subject: [EAcircle] Digest Number 3710
To: <EAcircle@yahoogroups.com>
11 New Messages
Digest #3710
Messages
Tue Aug 21, 2012 9:36 am (PDT) . Posted by:
"EAcircle-owner@yahoogroups.com"
http://dotsub.com/view/84f5c72d-b0ba-408c-ace3-8cc40995e011
A BRITISH VIEW OF SAUDI ARABIA
Only a Brit can say it so gracefully - what a great video
We need this fellow on CNN , FOX News, etc ...
CLIC KHERE: British Commentator
www.dotsub.com/films/moredemands/index.php?autostart=true&language_setting=en_1618
A BRITISH VIEW OF SAUDI ARABIA
Only a Brit can say it so gracefully - what a great video
We need this fellow on CNN , FOX News, etc ...
CLIC KHERE: British Commentator
www.dotsub.com/films/moredemands/index.php?autostart=true&language_setting=en_1618
Tue Aug 21, 2012 9:36 am (PDT) . Posted by:
"Muhammad Tejani" tejanircc
Isles marine transport facilities in a shambles
By Mwinyi Sadallah
19th August 2012
Shortage of qualified marine personnel and equipment has been singled out as the major factors hindering proper enforcement of marine laws by Zanzibar Marine Authority (ZMA).
As a result marine vessels have been operating under loosely controlled environment, something that is now seen as the major cause of marine accidents.
Owing to the prevailing circumstances shortage of qualified marine personnel and equipment, ZMA is unable to conduct routine inspection of vessels plying on Pemba-Zanzibar-Dar es Salaam route.
An investigation by The Guardian on Sunday for this week has established that many marine vessels operated under ZMA have not been inspected for sometime now.
The investigation also revealed that ZMA has only three marine inspectors while there are about 300 marine vessels, including ships, dhows and boats registered in Zanzibar.
One of the three inspectors is down with illness, worsening the situation. The marine authority has not a single inspector in Pemba as all of the three are stationed in Unguja.
The inspectors are Capt Msilimiwa Iddi Juma, Capt Hassan Burhani and Capt Mhandisi Khalfan.
ZMA Deputy Director Abdalla Hussen Kombo confirmed the challenges as well as absence of a centre for radio communication.
He added that they are closely in touch with the ministry of state, President's Office, finance and economy but to date they have been unable to get funds to address the prevailing challenges.
He said at least Sh550miliion is needed to recruit staff, draft regulations and buy the necessary equipment.
"Truly we need modern communications equipment and qualified personnel to man Zanzibar's marine authority," said Kombo.
This paper has learnt that ZMA needs at least six personnel to serve the two islands of Zanzibar and Pemba.
However since the enactment of Act No 5 of 2006 on marine transportation, ZMA is yet to publish regulations for the implementation of the legislation, a task estimated to cost Sh70 million.
Currently, personnel operating on vessels in the isles lack the necessary qualification, let alone the lack of modern equipment.
Lack funds of funds are reportedly threatening implementation of Zanzibar Revolutionary Council's directive to strengthen marine transportation.
The council's directive follows an investigation report in regard to the Mv Spice Islander I accident that occurred on September 10 last year. At least 1,529 were killed in the accident. There were 941 survivors.
Another accident involving Mv Skagit occurred at Pungume in Zanzibar waters, causing the death 136 people on board.
SOURCE: GUARDIAN ON SUNDAY
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
By Mwinyi Sadallah
19th August 2012
Shortage of qualified marine personnel and equipment has been singled out as the major factors hindering proper enforcement of marine laws by Zanzibar Marine Authority (ZMA).
As a result marine vessels have been operating under loosely controlled environment, something that is now seen as the major cause of marine accidents.
Owing to the prevailing circumstances shortage of qualified marine personnel and equipment, ZMA is unable to conduct routine inspection of vessels plying on Pemba-Zanzibar-Dar es Salaam route.
An investigation by The Guardian on Sunday for this week has established that many marine vessels operated under ZMA have not been inspected for sometime now.
The investigation also revealed that ZMA has only three marine inspectors while there are about 300 marine vessels, including ships, dhows and boats registered in Zanzibar.
One of the three inspectors is down with illness, worsening the situation. The marine authority has not a single inspector in Pemba as all of the three are stationed in Unguja.
The inspectors are Capt Msilimiwa Iddi Juma, Capt Hassan Burhani and Capt Mhandisi Khalfan.
ZMA Deputy Director Abdalla Hussen Kombo confirmed the challenges as well as absence of a centre for radio communication.
He added that they are closely in touch with the ministry of state, President's Office, finance and economy but to date they have been unable to get funds to address the prevailing challenges.
He said at least Sh550miliion is needed to recruit staff, draft regulations and buy the necessary equipment.
"Truly we need modern communications equipment and qualified personnel to man Zanzibar's marine authority," said Kombo.
This paper has learnt that ZMA needs at least six personnel to serve the two islands of Zanzibar and Pemba.
However since the enactment of Act No 5 of 2006 on marine transportation, ZMA is yet to publish regulations for the implementation of the legislation, a task estimated to cost Sh70 million.
Currently, personnel operating on vessels in the isles lack the necessary qualification, let alone the lack of modern equipment.
Lack funds of funds are reportedly threatening implementation of Zanzibar Revolutionary Council's directive to strengthen marine transportation.
The council's directive follows an investigation report in regard to the Mv Spice Islander I accident that occurred on September 10 last year. At least 1,529 were killed in the accident. There were 941 survivors.
Another accident involving Mv Skagit occurred at Pungume in Zanzibar waters, causing the death 136 people on board.
SOURCE: GUARDIAN ON SUNDAY
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Tue Aug 21, 2012 9:40 am (PDT) . Posted by:
"Mohammed Sadikali"
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-19295861 19 August 2012 Last updated at 20:54 ET
The rise of the affluent Muslim traveller
By Navid Akhtar Journalist and broadcaster
Muslims are predicted to make up
almost one in three of the world's population by 2025, and increasing numbers of
well-heeled, well-educated Muslims are already seeking out goods and services
that meet their needs - not only at home, but also when they travel.
An early morning call from Malaysia. It's an old friend enquiring about
London's best halal hotel.
Enthused by the coverage of Queen Elizabeth's Diamond Jubilee, the London
Olympics and Mo Farah's double gold wins, he has decided to visit London with
his family as soon as Ramadan finishes this month.
He would like to stay in a Muslim-friendly hotel, do I have any
suggestions?
I ask a few friends and search some Muslim websites - only to draw a blank.
The closest London can offer is a vegetarian-friendly hotel. But it's not just
the assurance of halal food that my friend is hoping for.
Continue reading the main story
Spending power
Global population of Muslims stands at 1.8 billion, predicted to reach 30%
of the world's total population by 2025
They spent 102bn euros travelling in 2011, expected to spend 158bn euros in
2020
Nine out of 10 say their faith affects their purchases
Global halal market worth $2tn per year
He'd like to go somewhere which is considerate of his
family's other needs as Muslims, such as guidance on finding the direction of
Mecca inside the hotel room for prayer times, alcohol-free dining areas, perhaps
separate spa facilities for men and women.
My friend is part of a growing worldwide trend. Global urban Muslims, highly
educated, well-travelled, often with families spread across different
continents, they are increasingly seeking out goods and services that respect
and reflect their needs as Muslims.
And this is no narrow niche - the worldwide Muslim population of around 1.8
billion is growing rapidly and is predicted to reach 30% of the global
population by 2025.
Urban Muslims like my friend are increasingly flexing their consumer muscles
and travel is just one sector where their money is beginning to count.
Continue reading the main story
Find out more
Navid Akhtar presents The Future
is Halal on BBC Radio 4 at 20:00 BST Tuesday 21 August (repeated 17:00
Sunday 26 August) and on iPlayer
A recent study conducted by Dinar Standard, a US-based
consultancy that tracks the Muslim lifestyle market, found that Muslims spent
about 102bn euros (£85bn, $126bn) during their travels last year.
In 2020 the corresponding figure is reckoned to reach 156bn euros (£122bn,
$192bn).
The favourite destinations have been predominantly Islamic countries, such as
Egypt, Malaysia, and Turkey. But now non-Islamic countries such as Australia are
also waking up to this group of tourists.
Ramadan packages provide an
evening buffet to end the day's fasting
Fazal Bahardeen, founder and CEO of Crescentrating, a Singapore-based
organisation which ranks hotels and airports for their Muslim-friendly
facilities, points out that Muslim travellers tend to travel in larger family
groups, stay longer and spend more.
No business can afford to ignore them.
With 60% of its population Muslim, Malaysia has taken a global lead in
promoting halal goods and services.
Continue reading the main story
Halal products
Besides edible products, from meat to teabags, halal certificates are now
also being awarded for other goods, including:
Alcohol-free perfume and other cosmetics
Paintbrushes
Industrial lubricants
Toothpaste
Non-bone chinaware
Washing powder
When I visited Kuala Lumpur in April for its annual
world halal week I was astonished to see the range of non-food items being
showcased: from glamorously packaged French perfume and fashion through to halal
paintbrushes and chinaware.
But one of the biggest revelations was to visit a holiday resort in the
seaside town of Port Dickson which is crescent-rated five, indicating that it
offers a really Muslim-friendly holiday experience.
The Balinese-style luxury villas in the hotel complex reach out on stilts
over the turquoise waters. Overlooking the Malacca Straits, with palm trees and
golden sands all around, it's a picture postcard paradise.
Each villa has an arrow on the ceiling indicating the direction of Mecca, and
Korans are readily available. The hotel restaurant is not only halal, it does
not serve alcohol either.
The deluxe villas come with their own private indoor pool so Muslim women
don't have to use the public pool.
There are prayer rooms on site as well as lots of wholesome family-friendly
activities - and no adult movies on the in-room entertainment.
The resort offers special Ramadan packages, with the pre-dawn breakfast and a
buffet in the evening to end each day's fasting.
Half of Britain's 2.1m Muslims
live close to the Olympic Stadium
Not surprisingly the hotel is attracting Muslim holidaymakers from all over
the world.
Britain could do a lot better. East London is home to the Olympic Stadium,
and other icons of the amazing games we have just witnessed.
Its surrounding five local authorities are also home for almost half of
Britain's 2.1 million Muslims. With all this next to Europe's largest shopping
mall, there are great opportunities to develop the area as a perfect destination
for a Muslim-friendly holiday.
Just for starters, how about the Mo Farah London Bus Tour?
Navid Akhtar presents The Future is Halal on BBC Radio
4 20:00 BST Tuesday 21 August (repeated 17:00 Sunday 26 August) and on
iPlayer
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
The rise of the affluent Muslim traveller
By Navid Akhtar Journalist and broadcaster
Muslims are predicted to make up
almost one in three of the world's population by 2025, and increasing numbers of
well-heeled, well-educated Muslims are already seeking out goods and services
that meet their needs - not only at home, but also when they travel.
An early morning call from Malaysia. It's an old friend enquiring about
London's best halal hotel.
Enthused by the coverage of Queen Elizabeth's Diamond Jubilee, the London
Olympics and Mo Farah's double gold wins, he has decided to visit London with
his family as soon as Ramadan finishes this month.
He would like to stay in a Muslim-friendly hotel, do I have any
suggestions?
I ask a few friends and search some Muslim websites - only to draw a blank.
The closest London can offer is a vegetarian-friendly hotel. But it's not just
the assurance of halal food that my friend is hoping for.
Continue reading the main story
Spending power
Global population of Muslims stands at 1.8 billion, predicted to reach 30%
of the world's total population by 2025
They spent 102bn euros travelling in 2011, expected to spend 158bn euros in
2020
Nine out of 10 say their faith affects their purchases
Global halal market worth $2tn per year
He'd like to go somewhere which is considerate of his
family's other needs as Muslims, such as guidance on finding the direction of
Mecca inside the hotel room for prayer times, alcohol-free dining areas, perhaps
separate spa facilities for men and women.
My friend is part of a growing worldwide trend. Global urban Muslims, highly
educated, well-travelled, often with families spread across different
continents, they are increasingly seeking out goods and services that respect
and reflect their needs as Muslims.
And this is no narrow niche - the worldwide Muslim population of around 1.8
billion is growing rapidly and is predicted to reach 30% of the global
population by 2025.
Urban Muslims like my friend are increasingly flexing their consumer muscles
and travel is just one sector where their money is beginning to count.
Continue reading the main story
Find out more
Navid Akhtar presents The Future
is Halal on BBC Radio 4 at 20:00 BST Tuesday 21 August (repeated 17:00
Sunday 26 August) and on iPlayer
A recent study conducted by Dinar Standard, a US-based
consultancy that tracks the Muslim lifestyle market, found that Muslims spent
about 102bn euros (£85bn, $126bn) during their travels last year.
In 2020 the corresponding figure is reckoned to reach 156bn euros (£122bn,
$192bn).
The favourite destinations have been predominantly Islamic countries, such as
Egypt, Malaysia, and Turkey. But now non-Islamic countries such as Australia are
also waking up to this group of tourists.
Ramadan packages provide an
evening buffet to end the day's fasting
Fazal Bahardeen, founder and CEO of Crescentrating, a Singapore-based
organisation which ranks hotels and airports for their Muslim-friendly
facilities, points out that Muslim travellers tend to travel in larger family
groups, stay longer and spend more.
No business can afford to ignore them.
With 60% of its population Muslim, Malaysia has taken a global lead in
promoting halal goods and services.
Continue reading the main story
Halal products
Besides edible products, from meat to teabags, halal certificates are now
also being awarded for other goods, including:
Alcohol-free perfume and other cosmetics
Paintbrushes
Industrial lubricants
Toothpaste
Non-bone chinaware
Washing powder
When I visited Kuala Lumpur in April for its annual
world halal week I was astonished to see the range of non-food items being
showcased: from glamorously packaged French perfume and fashion through to halal
paintbrushes and chinaware.
But one of the biggest revelations was to visit a holiday resort in the
seaside town of Port Dickson which is crescent-rated five, indicating that it
offers a really Muslim-friendly holiday experience.
The Balinese-style luxury villas in the hotel complex reach out on stilts
over the turquoise waters. Overlooking the Malacca Straits, with palm trees and
golden sands all around, it's a picture postcard paradise.
Each villa has an arrow on the ceiling indicating the direction of Mecca, and
Korans are readily available. The hotel restaurant is not only halal, it does
not serve alcohol either.
The deluxe villas come with their own private indoor pool so Muslim women
don't have to use the public pool.
There are prayer rooms on site as well as lots of wholesome family-friendly
activities - and no adult movies on the in-room entertainment.
The resort offers special Ramadan packages, with the pre-dawn breakfast and a
buffet in the evening to end each day's fasting.
Half of Britain's 2.1m Muslims
live close to the Olympic Stadium
Not surprisingly the hotel is attracting Muslim holidaymakers from all over
the world.
Britain could do a lot better. East London is home to the Olympic Stadium,
and other icons of the amazing games we have just witnessed.
Its surrounding five local authorities are also home for almost half of
Britain's 2.1 million Muslims. With all this next to Europe's largest shopping
mall, there are great opportunities to develop the area as a perfect destination
for a Muslim-friendly holiday.
Just for starters, how about the Mo Farah London Bus Tour?
Navid Akhtar presents The Future is Halal on BBC Radio
4 20:00 BST Tuesday 21 August (repeated 17:00 Sunday 26 August) and on
iPlayer
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Tue Aug 21, 2012 9:42 am (PDT) . Posted by:
"Muslim Remtula"
PLEASE I WISH TO INTRODUCE MY FRIEND SAJJAD VERSI TO THE GROUP.
HIS EMAIL ID (blanked for confidentiality)
Eid mubraka to all of you.
Muslim Remtula Arusha.
Member.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
HIS EMAIL ID (blanked for confidentiality)
Eid mubraka to all of you.
Muslim Remtula Arusha.
Member.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Tue Aug 21, 2012 9:50 am (PDT) . Posted by:
"Jaffer Kassam" jafferkassam1951
*Palestinians Denied Permission to Pray*
Video By RT*
With the holy month of Ramadan drawing to a close -
Muslims around the world are flocking to mosques to
celebrate. But in Palestine - that often means standing for
hours at security checkpoints - only to be denied permission to pray.
http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article32224.htm<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?e=001X788nT84B4R7K_CJMvn4SHyk2zx-NOhyCePcczY5mBRFGUwPio4osiAjM7_vJUopfjC4BR6KzJcM1-RipB7ajsU7_jcHq65hWfZaINh0NVvmJAiVcbYlc9jO-o4_b24c1eNc3Aa2HauoluESDYItXK9DKmUIdH6f>
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Video By RT*
With the holy month of Ramadan drawing to a close -
Muslims around the world are flocking to mosques to
celebrate. But in Palestine - that often means standing for
hours at security checkpoints - only to be denied permission to pray.
http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article32224.htm<http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?e=001X788nT84B4R7K_CJMvn4SHyk2zx-NOhyCePcczY5mBRFGUwPio4osiAjM7_vJUopfjC4BR6KzJcM1-RipB7ajsU7_jcHq65hWfZaINh0NVvmJAiVcbYlc9jO-o4_b24c1eNc3Aa2HauoluESDYItXK9DKmUIdH6f>
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Tue Aug 21, 2012 9:52 am (PDT) . Posted by:
"Mohammed Sadikali"
Subject: In pictures: End of Ramadan celebrated around the world - The Globe and Mail
Date: Sun, 19 Aug 2012
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/in-pictures-end-of-ramadan-celebrated-in-canada-and-around-the-world/article4488504/
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Date: Sun, 19 Aug 2012
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/in-pictures-end-of-ramadan-celebrated-in-canada-and-around-the-world/article4488504/
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Tue Aug 21, 2012 9:54 am (PDT) . Posted by:
"Pradyuman Joshi"
Date: Sat, Aug 18, 2012 at 4:49 PM
Subject: *HEALTH: *Magic of Cucumbers...great and valuable info !
[image: Photo: ~Magic of cucumbers~Must read!!1. Cucumbers
contain most of the vitamins you needevery day, just one cucumber contains
VitaminB1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, VitaminB6, Folic Acid,
Vitamin C, Calcium, Iron,Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium andZinc.2.
Feeling tired in the afternoon,put down the caffeinated soda and pick up
acucumber. Cucumbers are a good source of BVitamins and Carbohydrates that
can provide thatquick pick-me-up that can last forhours.3. Tired of your
bathroom mirrorfogging up after a shower? Try rubbing acucumber slice along
the mirror, it willeliminate the fog and provide a soothing,spa-like
fragrance.4. Are grubs and slugs ruining your planting beds? Place a
fewslices in a small pie tin and your garden willbe free of pests all
season long. The chemicalsin the cucumber react with the aluminum to
giveoff a scent undetectable to humans but drivegarden pests crazy and make
them flee thearea.5 Looking for afast and easy way to remove cellulite
beforegoing out or to the pool? Try rubbing a slice ortwo of cucumbers
along your problem area for afew minutes, the phytochemicals in the
cucumbercause the collagen in your skin to tighten,firming up the outer
layer and reducing thevisibility of cellulite. Works great on
wrinklestoo!!!6. Want to avoid a hangover orterrible headache? Eat a few
cucumber slicesbefore going to bed and wake up refreshed andheadache free.
Cucumbers contain enough sugar, Bvitamins and electrolytes to replenish
essentialnutrients the body lost, keeping everything inequilibrium,
avoiding both a hangover andheadache!!7 Looking to fight off that afternoon
or evening snacking binge?Cucumbers have been used for centuries and often
used byEuropean trappers, traders and explores forquick meals to thwart off
starvation.8. Have an important meeting or job interview andyou realize
that you don't have enough time topolish your shoes? Rub a freshly cut
cucumberover the shoe, its chemicals will provide aquick and durable shine
that not only looksgreat but also repelswater.9. Out of WD 40 and need to
fix a squeaky hinge? Take acucumber slice and rub it along the
problematichinge, and voila, the squeak is gone!10. Stressed out and don't
have time for massage,facial or visit to the spa? Cut up an entirecucumber
and place it in a boiling pot of water,the chemicals and nutrients from the
cucumberwill react with the boiling water and bereleased in the steam,
creating a soothing,relaxing aroma that has been shown to reducestress in
new mothers and college studentsduring final exams.11. Just finish a
business lunch and realize you don't have gum ormints? Take a slice of
cucumber and press it tothe roof of your mouth with your tongue for
30seconds to eliminate bad breath, thephytochemcials will kill the bacteria
in yourmouth responsible for causing badbreath.12. Looking for a'green'way
toclean your faucets, sinks or stainless steel?Take a slice of cucumber and
rub it on thesurface you want to clean, not only will itremove years of
tarnish and bring back theshine, but is won't leave streaks and won't
harmyou fingers or fingernails while youclean.13. Using a pen and made a
mistake? Take the outside of thecucumber and slowly use it to erase the
penwriting, also works great on crayons and markersthat the kids have used
to decorate thewalls!!Pass this along to everybody youknow who is looking
for better and safer ways tosolve life's everyday problems...]****
1. Cucumbers contain most of the vitamins you need
every day, just one cucumber contains Vitamin
B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin
B6, Folic Acid, Vitamin C, Calcium, Iron,
Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium
and Zinc.
2. Feeling tired in the afternoon,
put down the caffeinated soda and pick up a
cucumber. Cucumbers are a good source of B
Vitamins and Carbohydrates that can provide that
quick pick-me-up that can last for hours.
3. Tired of your bathroom mirror
fogging up after a shower? Try rubbing a
cucumber slice along the mirror, it will
eliminate the fog and provide a soothing,
spa-like fragrance.
4. Are grubs and slugs ruining your planting beds?
Place a few slices in a small pie tin and your garden
will be free of pests all season long. The chemicals
in the cucumber react with the aluminum to give
off a scent undetectable to humans but drive
garden pests crazy and make them flee the area.
5. Looking for afast and easy way to remove cellulite before going out or
to the pool? Try rubbing a slice or
two of cucumbers along your problem area for a
few minutes, the phytochemicals in the cucumber
cause the collagen in your skin to tighten,
firming up the outer layer and reducing the
visibility of cellulite. Works great on wrinkles too!
6. Want to avoid a hangover or
terrible headache? Eat a few cucumber slices
before going to bed and wake up refreshed and
headache free. Cucumbers contain enough sugar,
B vitamins and electrolytes to replenish essential
nutrients the body lost, keeping everything in
equilibrium, avoiding both a hangover and
headache!
7. Looking to fight off that afternoon or evening snacking
binge? Cucumbers have been used for centuries and often used by European
trappers, traders and explores for quick meals to thwart off starvation.
8. Have an important meeting or job interview and
you realize that you don't have enough time to
polish your shoes? Rub a freshly cut cucumber
over the shoe, its chemicals will provide a
quick and durable shine that not only looks
great but also repels water.
9. Out of WD 40 and need to fix a squeaky hinge?
Take a cucumber slice and rub it along the
problematic hinge, and voila, the squeak is gone!
10. Stressed out and don't have time for massage,
facial or visit to the spa? Cut up an entire
cucumber and place it in a boiling pot of water,
the chemicals and nutrients from the cucumber
will react with the boiling water and be
released in the steam, creating a soothing,
relaxing aroma that has been shown to reduce
stress in new mothers and college students
during final exams.
11. Just finish a business lunch and realize you
don't have gum or mints?
Take a slice of cucumber and press it to
the roof of your mouth with your tongue for 30
seconds to eliminate bad breath, the
phytochemcials will kill the bacteria in your
mouth responsible for causing bad breath.
12. Looking for a 'green' way to
clean your faucets, sinks or stainless steel?
Take a slice of cucumber and rub it on the
surface you want to clean, not only will it
remove years of tarnish and bring back the
shine, but is won't leave streaks and won't harm
you fingers or fingernails while you clean.
13. Using a pen and made a mistake?
Take the outside of the cucumber and slowly use
it to erase the pen writing, also works great on
crayons and markers that the kids have used to decorate the walls!
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Subject: *HEALTH: *Magic of Cucumbers...great and valuable info !
[image: Photo: ~Magic of cucumbers~Must read!!1. Cucumbers
contain most of the vitamins you needevery day, just one cucumber contains
VitaminB1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, VitaminB6, Folic Acid,
Vitamin C, Calcium, Iron,Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium andZinc.2.
Feeling tired in the afternoon,put down the caffeinated soda and pick up
acucumber. Cucumbers are a good source of BVitamins and Carbohydrates that
can provide thatquick pick-me-up that can last forhours.3. Tired of your
bathroom mirrorfogging up after a shower? Try rubbing acucumber slice along
the mirror, it willeliminate the fog and provide a soothing,spa-like
fragrance.4. Are grubs and slugs ruining your planting beds? Place a
fewslices in a small pie tin and your garden willbe free of pests all
season long. The chemicalsin the cucumber react with the aluminum to
giveoff a scent undetectable to humans but drivegarden pests crazy and make
them flee thearea.5 Looking for afast and easy way to remove cellulite
beforegoing out or to the pool? Try rubbing a slice ortwo of cucumbers
along your problem area for afew minutes, the phytochemicals in the
cucumbercause the collagen in your skin to tighten,firming up the outer
layer and reducing thevisibility of cellulite. Works great on
wrinklestoo!!!6. Want to avoid a hangover orterrible headache? Eat a few
cucumber slicesbefore going to bed and wake up refreshed andheadache free.
Cucumbers contain enough sugar, Bvitamins and electrolytes to replenish
essentialnutrients the body lost, keeping everything inequilibrium,
avoiding both a hangover andheadache!!7 Looking to fight off that afternoon
or evening snacking binge?Cucumbers have been used for centuries and often
used byEuropean trappers, traders and explores forquick meals to thwart off
starvation.8. Have an important meeting or job interview andyou realize
that you don't have enough time topolish your shoes? Rub a freshly cut
cucumberover the shoe, its chemicals will provide aquick and durable shine
that not only looksgreat but also repelswater.9. Out of WD 40 and need to
fix a squeaky hinge? Take acucumber slice and rub it along the
problematichinge, and voila, the squeak is gone!10. Stressed out and don't
have time for massage,facial or visit to the spa? Cut up an entirecucumber
and place it in a boiling pot of water,the chemicals and nutrients from the
cucumberwill react with the boiling water and bereleased in the steam,
creating a soothing,relaxing aroma that has been shown to reducestress in
new mothers and college studentsduring final exams.11. Just finish a
business lunch and realize you don't have gum ormints? Take a slice of
cucumber and press it tothe roof of your mouth with your tongue for
30seconds to eliminate bad breath, thephytochemcials will kill the bacteria
in yourmouth responsible for causing badbreath.12. Looking for a'green'way
toclean your faucets, sinks or stainless steel?Take a slice of cucumber and
rub it on thesurface you want to clean, not only will itremove years of
tarnish and bring back theshine, but is won't leave streaks and won't
harmyou fingers or fingernails while youclean.13. Using a pen and made a
mistake? Take the outside of thecucumber and slowly use it to erase the
penwriting, also works great on crayons and markersthat the kids have used
to decorate thewalls!!Pass this along to everybody youknow who is looking
for better and safer ways tosolve life's everyday problems...]****
1. Cucumbers contain most of the vitamins you need
every day, just one cucumber contains Vitamin
B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin
B6, Folic Acid, Vitamin C, Calcium, Iron,
Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium
and Zinc.
2. Feeling tired in the afternoon,
put down the caffeinated soda and pick up a
cucumber. Cucumbers are a good source of B
Vitamins and Carbohydrates that can provide that
quick pick-me-up that can last for hours.
3. Tired of your bathroom mirror
fogging up after a shower? Try rubbing a
cucumber slice along the mirror, it will
eliminate the fog and provide a soothing,
spa-like fragrance.
4. Are grubs and slugs ruining your planting beds?
Place a few slices in a small pie tin and your garden
will be free of pests all season long. The chemicals
in the cucumber react with the aluminum to give
off a scent undetectable to humans but drive
garden pests crazy and make them flee the area.
5. Looking for afast and easy way to remove cellulite before going out or
to the pool? Try rubbing a slice or
two of cucumbers along your problem area for a
few minutes, the phytochemicals in the cucumber
cause the collagen in your skin to tighten,
firming up the outer layer and reducing the
visibility of cellulite. Works great on wrinkles too!
6. Want to avoid a hangover or
terrible headache? Eat a few cucumber slices
before going to bed and wake up refreshed and
headache free. Cucumbers contain enough sugar,
B vitamins and electrolytes to replenish essential
nutrients the body lost, keeping everything in
equilibrium, avoiding both a hangover and
headache!
7. Looking to fight off that afternoon or evening snacking
binge? Cucumbers have been used for centuries and often used by European
trappers, traders and explores for quick meals to thwart off starvation.
8. Have an important meeting or job interview and
you realize that you don't have enough time to
polish your shoes? Rub a freshly cut cucumber
over the shoe, its chemicals will provide a
quick and durable shine that not only looks
great but also repels water.
9. Out of WD 40 and need to fix a squeaky hinge?
Take a cucumber slice and rub it along the
problematic hinge, and voila, the squeak is gone!
10. Stressed out and don't have time for massage,
facial or visit to the spa? Cut up an entire
cucumber and place it in a boiling pot of water,
the chemicals and nutrients from the cucumber
will react with the boiling water and be
released in the steam, creating a soothing,
relaxing aroma that has been shown to reduce
stress in new mothers and college students
during final exams.
11. Just finish a business lunch and realize you
don't have gum or mints?
Take a slice of cucumber and press it to
the roof of your mouth with your tongue for 30
seconds to eliminate bad breath, the
phytochemcials will kill the bacteria in your
mouth responsible for causing bad breath.
12. Looking for a 'green' way to
clean your faucets, sinks or stainless steel?
Take a slice of cucumber and rub it on the
surface you want to clean, not only will it
remove years of tarnish and bring back the
shine, but is won't leave streaks and won't harm
you fingers or fingernails while you clean.
13. Using a pen and made a mistake?
Take the outside of the cucumber and slowly use
it to erase the pen writing, also works great on
crayons and markers that the kids have used to decorate the walls!
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Tue Aug 21, 2012 11:03 am (PDT) . Posted by:
"Murtaza Wally"
http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=280759
Bahraini Monarch Supports Isarali Stance
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Wed Aug 22, 2012 2:19 am (PDT) . Posted by:
"mohamed" mohamedsaidsalum
Introduction
In order to understand the Tanzanian political environment and to appreciate this study we first need to establish even in a nut shell the source of the problem.
Why is the Church in Tanzania and particularly the Catholic Church in control of the government and all that it entails?
Why are Muslims, fifty years after independence still backward, uneducated and form the lower strata of society?
Is this by default or design?
Having seen this we have to analyse and deeply explore the hopes and aspirations of Muslims in free Tanganyika as Tanzania was known then and ask, are Muslims satisfied with this unequal status?
We also have to ask again did Muslims spearhead the struggle for independence so that the Church could replace the colonial government.
Although for reasons which are to be deduced later, this historical fact is still in contention.
No one can ignore the role of Islam and Muslims in resisting foreign domination beginning with German colonialism when in 1905 Muslims rose up in arms against Germans in Maji Maji War to free Tanganyika from bondage; to the period of British rule when Muslims formed the backbone of resistance against British rule.
Subsequently Muslims dominated both labour and nationalist politics.
Tanzania Mainland celebrates fifty years of independence this year but the role of Muslims in resisting foreign rule and in liberating Tanganyika from colonialism has not been requited nor have the heroes of independence struggle been honoured.
We again have to pose a question why is this so? Is it that Tanzania is an ungrateful nation and therefore hates its heroes?
Answers to all those questions will lead us closer to understanding the problem which Muslims in Tanzania face.
Answers to these questions will make us reflect and uncover reasons which caused Muslim independence aspirations not to be realised.
This is now the bone of contention between Muslims and the government.
Muslims without mincing words are now pointing an accusing finger to the Church particularly the Catholic Church which in connivance with President Nyerere for being anti-Islam and for frustrating the hopes and aspirations of Muslims in free Tanganyika, a country they liberated from colonialism in 1961.
History in Revision
Muslims are now organising nationwide mass rallies which openly and in live broadcasts denounce the church, criticise the government and church agents within the ruling party Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) and the Parliament for oppressing Muslims.
Seemingly derogatory words like "pandikizi" (singular) and "mapandikizi" (plural) meaning "turncoats;" or the new coined word "Mfumo Kristo" roughly meaning "Christian dominance" are now part of the Muslim and Swahili vocabulary.
These analogies are used freely in the Muslim media and among Muslims in every day conversation.
But what usually thrills Muslims and utterly significant showing that times have changed is when in the rallies and in normal discussion Muslims refer to Nyerere hitherto known respectfully as "Baba wa Taifa" as "Baba wa Kanisa," meaning "Church Elder."
The move by the Catholic Church to make him a saint has not helped matters. More so it proves all the allegations levelled against Nyerere that he never was a nationalist but a Catholic zealot.
Respect and love which Muslims once had for Nyerere has been completely wiped out.
The new generation of Muslims no longer believe in the official history of TANU and the propaganda that it was Nyerere who single handed defeated the British.
Muslims instead are honouring the forgotten heroes of independence movement and in so doing invoking emotions particularly in the new generation to stand up against oppression as their forefathers had done against Germans and the British.
Muslim heroes of the Maji Maji War like Suleiman Mamba, Ali Songea Mbano, and Muslim nationalists like
Abdulwahid and
Ally Sykes,
Dossa Aziz,
Sheikh Hassan bin Amir,
Sheikh Suleiman Takadir,
Sheikh Yusuf Badi,
Bibi Titi Mohamed,
Bibi Tatu bint Mzee,
Bilali Rehani Waikela,
Ali Migeyo
and others are now part of nationalist history which was suppressed for many years.
Muslims are demanding the restoration of their history and honour as true liberators of Tanganyika. This is unprecedented. One can only speculate and wonder where this would lead to.
Can we identify this phenomenon as corrective and revision of history or is it a lesson of anarchy in recording history?
The result of all this is that the Church has been made to stand naked.
That the Church did not play any role during Maji Maji or during the struggle against the British or that it has worked hand in hand with the government to sabotage Islam and Muslims is now common knowledge.
-------------
In order to understand the Tanzanian political environment and to appreciate this study we first need to establish even in a nut shell the source of the problem.
Why is the Church in Tanzania and particularly the Catholic Church in control of the government and all that it entails?
Why are Muslims, fifty years after independence still backward, uneducated and form the lower strata of society?
Is this by default or design?
Having seen this we have to analyse and deeply explore the hopes and aspirations of Muslims in free Tanganyika as Tanzania was known then and ask, are Muslims satisfied with this unequal status?
We also have to ask again did Muslims spearhead the struggle for independence so that the Church could replace the colonial government.
Although for reasons which are to be deduced later, this historical fact is still in contention.
No one can ignore the role of Islam and Muslims in resisting foreign domination beginning with German colonialism when in 1905 Muslims rose up in arms against Germans in Maji Maji War to free Tanganyika from bondage; to the period of British rule when Muslims formed the backbone of resistance against British rule.
Subsequently Muslims dominated both labour and nationalist politics.
Tanzania Mainland celebrates fifty years of independence this year but the role of Muslims in resisting foreign rule and in liberating Tanganyika from colonialism has not been requited nor have the heroes of independence struggle been honoured.
We again have to pose a question why is this so? Is it that Tanzania is an ungrateful nation and therefore hates its heroes?
Answers to all those questions will lead us closer to understanding the problem which Muslims in Tanzania face.
Answers to these questions will make us reflect and uncover reasons which caused Muslim independence aspirations not to be realised.
This is now the bone of contention between Muslims and the government.
Muslims without mincing words are now pointing an accusing finger to the Church particularly the Catholic Church which in connivance with President Nyerere for being anti-Islam and for frustrating the hopes and aspirations of Muslims in free Tanganyika, a country they liberated from colonialism in 1961.
History in Revision
Muslims are now organising nationwide mass rallies which openly and in live broadcasts denounce the church, criticise the government and church agents within the ruling party Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) and the Parliament for oppressing Muslims.
Seemingly derogatory words like "pandikizi" (singular) and "mapandikizi" (plural) meaning "turncoats;" or the new coined word "Mfumo Kristo" roughly meaning "Christian dominance" are now part of the Muslim and Swahili vocabulary.
These analogies are used freely in the Muslim media and among Muslims in every day conversation.
But what usually thrills Muslims and utterly significant showing that times have changed is when in the rallies and in normal discussion Muslims refer to Nyerere hitherto known respectfully as "Baba wa Taifa" as "Baba wa Kanisa," meaning "Church Elder."
The move by the Catholic Church to make him a saint has not helped matters. More so it proves all the allegations levelled against Nyerere that he never was a nationalist but a Catholic zealot.
Respect and love which Muslims once had for Nyerere has been completely wiped out.
The new generation of Muslims no longer believe in the official history of TANU and the propaganda that it was Nyerere who single handed defeated the British.
Muslims instead are honouring the forgotten heroes of independence movement and in so doing invoking emotions particularly in the new generation to stand up against oppression as their forefathers had done against Germans and the British.
Muslim heroes of the Maji Maji War like Suleiman Mamba, Ali Songea Mbano, and Muslim nationalists like
Abdulwahid and
Ally Sykes,
Dossa Aziz,
Sheikh Hassan bin Amir,
Sheikh Suleiman Takadir,
Sheikh Yusuf Badi,
Bibi Titi Mohamed,
Bibi Tatu bint Mzee,
Bilali Rehani Waikela,
Ali Migeyo
and others are now part of nationalist history which was suppressed for many years.
Muslims are demanding the restoration of their history and honour as true liberators of Tanganyika. This is unprecedented. One can only speculate and wonder where this would lead to.
Can we identify this phenomenon as corrective and revision of history or is it a lesson of anarchy in recording history?
The result of all this is that the Church has been made to stand naked.
That the Church did not play any role during Maji Maji or during the struggle against the British or that it has worked hand in hand with the government to sabotage Islam and Muslims is now common knowledge.
-------------
Wed Aug 22, 2012 2:22 am (PDT) . Posted by:
"Murtaza Wally"
Subject: Dialogue on economic activity
If you want to take to trade for a profession, get a clear picture of your
religion.
With these words, my father inaugurated today's dialogue and carried on,
quoting Imam Ja'far bin Mohammad as-Sadiq as saying:
Whomsoever wants to make a living out of trading, must be conversant with
matters of religion, so that they can draw the line between halal and
haraam. Whoever entered into the arena of trade without acquiring an
insight into religious knowledge, could easily fall into the trap of
judicial error (shubuhat).
Many people may experience problems because of being either unaware of it,
or choosing to ignore it; thus, committing error of judgement.
Since I am still not able to outline the relationship between fiqh
(jurisprudence or religious knowledge) and trade, I asked my father:
* What is the connection between acquiring religious knowledge and trade?
- Well, The Lawgiver has catered for the handling of all aspects of our
economic life, guaranteeing equity, the good utilization, distribution and
transfer of wealth between all sections of society. The ultimate objective
of this is the public good and welfare..
It is, therefore, quite natural that, in order for The Lawgiver to apply
His economic principles, He to devise a number of parameters to permit or
forbid certain economic activities at times, and make difficult or easy
certain avenues at other times.
The Lawgiver, thus, obligates the mukallaf to earn a living to maintain
himself and his dependants, such as wife, children, and parents..
In so doing, The Legislator does not leave the door open for the bread
winner to practise any work he chooses, for there are many economic
activities that are forbidden.
* For example?
- Handling intoxicants is haraam.
Selling dogs, except hunting dogs, is haraam.
Selling pigs is haraam.
Selling the carcasses of animals which have not been pausfully slaughtered,
including their meat and leather, is haraam.
Dealing with usurped property is haraam.
Selling gambling tools and equipments and instruments of forbidden
amusement, such as violin, is haraam.
Cheating is haraam.
Usury is haraam.
Commercial monopoly is haraam.. For example the monopoly of staple food,
and all that which goes into preparing it - fuel, salt, oil, etc. Hoarding
such goods, while denying the public sale at reasonable prices, in
anticipation of higher prices, is haraam.
Bribing the judiciary to pass right or wrong judgements is haraam.
Playing in gambling tools, such as chess, dominos, backgammon, and betting
on them is haraam; even playing chess and backgammon [and the like] without
betting is haraam.
False bidding, i.e. with the aim of enticing others to buy merchandise at a
rigged price, is haraam [even if it was free from malice].
Dealing with stolen property or buying what has been procured with gambling
money is haraam, etc.
* These are forbidden. Are there any activities that are makrouh?
- Yes, there are some economic activities that the Lawgiver deem
detestable. Shying away from such activities is not binding for the
mukallaf; it is, therefore, makrouh not haraam.
* Could you give me an example?
- Selling real estate (one's own house) is makrouh, unless you want to buy
another property with the proceeds of the sold one.
Exchanging (selling) gold for gold or silver for silver, without a profit
is makrouh; doing so for a profit, is haraam.
Borrowing money from a fledgling wealthy person is makrouh.
It is makrouh too to take slaughtering animals for a profession, so is
cupping (hijamah), and vending shrouds.
Makrouh still are some dealings and methods pertaining to commercial
activity.
* For example?
- Concealing the imperfections of goods, provided that it does not lead to
deceit. If it does it is haraam.
Swearing (by God) in haggling over a price, even if it is with good
intention and truthfulness. As for false swearing, it is haraam.
Makrouh, too, is making exorbitant profit.
Asking for a discount, after the sale has been concluded.
It is makrouh to sell goods in a dimly lit place, where defective goods may
go undetected.
Touting for business by the vendor, and fault finding by the buyer.
* These are some of the activities that are makrouh. Are there any that
are mustahab?
- Yes, there certain dealings that are mustahab. And here are some
examples:
Lending the believer money without interest.
Buying real estate.
Offering money to someone with the aim of setting them up in business with
an agreed profit sharing formula.
There are some dealings and methods that are highly praised, such as
charging all customers the same price for goods, and saving preferential
prices for the poor. Thus, the vendor should not discriminate against the
customer who drives a hard bargain.
It is mustabab, too, for the vendor to accept revocation of the sale of
goods (or services), should the buyer change his mind. Thus, the latter
should be refunded.
It is mustahab to accept the shortfall (naqis) and give away the gain
(rajih).
Flexibility in pricing is called for.
It is also mustahab to keep a business facility open.
It is recommended to vigorously seek work and go about one's business to
earn a living for oneself and dependants.
It is mustahab to be charitable and magnanimous in selling, and making an
effort to seek out good quality merchandise for selling.
Searching for work, albeit away from home (ightirab) and getting up early
to report for it is mustahab.
Finally, there is a type of business activity that is neither loved nor
hated by the Lawgiver. One is free to pursue or leave, as is the case of
many business activities prevalent nowadays.
Furthermore, Islam has devised an array of conditions that should be
fulfilled. Some are applicable to the merchandise itself, and sale
agreement; others concern vendor and buyer.
* What conditions should be present in what is being sold?
- Many. These are:
1. The knowledge of the quantity, weight, number, area, etc., as the case
may be, of what is being sold.
2. The ability to deliver what has been sold. One cannot sell fish in the
river, i.e. that has not been caught, or a flying bird. It is feasible,
though, if the buyer is himself able to take delivery of that which has
been sold, such as a runaway animal.
3. Knowledge, in general terms, of particular attributes, of the thing
sold, such as colour, taste, good or inferior quality that may lead to a
variation in price.
4. The thing sold should be free from any third party rights. It is
permissible to sell a pawned item without the permission of the original
owner; likewise, it is not permissible to sell an endowment, unless it is
no longer viable in serving the public interest, or it was becoming
unviable.
5. In certain cases, the thing sold should be the capital asset itself,
i.e. a house, a book, an instrument, not the benefit/usage thereof.
That said, my father added: Suppose certain commodities in a given country
are only sold by weight, you should not attempt to sell them differently,
say, by piece and so on. This is so as not to mislead the buyer.
* Could you give me an example?
- If selling apples in a given country is normally done by weight, you
should not attempt to sell them individually. And if milk is sold by litre
in a particular country, you are not allowed to sell it by weight.
There are, though, conditions that should be present in the transaction,
e.g. you should not attach strings that were not present at the time of
concluding the deal.
To further illustrate this, you are not allowed to make the sale of your
car conditional upon, for example, a baby boy being born to you and your
wife. Rather, an amended sale contract must be entered into, if the baby
boy was born.
* What are the conditions that must be fulfilled by the two parties of the
sale contract?
- He who embarks on doing business must be adult, sane, of a legal age,
intent on selling, having free will and not coerced, having discretion over
what he is selling, whether he may be the owner himself , his deputy, or
his guardian.
* What if the owner of a property or any thing else was forced to sell the
same?
- The sale is not in order, if it was precipitated by fear of the
consequences of refusal to sell, such as fearing for one's life or
wellbeing or that of his dependants or relatives..
* Sometimes one find himself forced, through circumstance, to move house,
thus entailing selling some of his property and/or his other possessions.
- This type of sale is sound.
* If the person who is initiating the sale is not the owner or anyone else
legally appointed by him, such as a relative, a friend, or a neighbour,
would the transaction still be valid?
- It is not valid, unless permission is granted by the owner or his
legally appointed attorney.
* What about usurped property that had been sold and the owner gave his
consent afterwards?
- The sale should be legally valid.
* And what about the property of the minor, should he be interested in
selling what is lawfully his?
- The sale of small unimportant items, that such a minor person is used to
dealing with, is correct. The sale of other things, he initiates
independently, is not sound.
* Who is allowed to sell the property of a minor?
- His guardian, be it his father, paternal grandfather, legal guardian
appointed by either, and the Marji', if the aforesaid are no longer alive.
The father of the minor can, therefore, sell the property of his son or
daughter, provided that no malice was intended. The Marji' can act
likewise, if he sees that the minor's interest is served.
* Is it all right for the minor to act as a proxy of his guardian in
selling his own property?
- Yes, he has the right.
* If any sale transaction, that satisfies all the conditions discussed,
was entered into, can either party change their mind?
- The sale contract can be cancelled in a number of cases:
1. If the buyer and seller were still at the scene where the transaction
took place or they were together on the road, either of them may opt out;
otherwise the sale cannot be revoked.
2. If either party of the sale transaction was swindled, they can abrogate
the sale. For example, if the seller, unwittingly, sold the goods for much
less than the market price, he has the right to retract the sale. By the
same token, the buyer could repeal the purchase and get his money back, if
he found out that he paid an exorbitant price for it.
3. Should the buyer find out that the goods he has purchased do not fit
the description and the specifications the seller has claimed were present,
or they do not tally with what he had already seen by way of specimen or
otherwise, he has the right to return the goods and get a refund.
4. If both parties to the sale contract stipulate that either can cancel
the deal within a prescribed period of time, they can cancel it within that
time limit.
5. If any party to the sale transaction pledged to act in an agreed way
and later reneged, or if the buyer requested certain properties to be
present in the goods, that he found lacking when taking delivery of the
goods, he has the right to repeal the
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