Kwani ukifika Iringa rural kulikokuwa na miradhi Danida funded ambako walihamasisha kilimo endelevu cha makinga maji milimani kulima kupiga matuta kupanda majani ya kuzuia mmomonyoko (vertiva grass) kupiga matuta wakiita fanya juu fanya chini na kuzuia kilimo mitoni kwenye malungulu na kuanzisha vitalu vya miti vya kijiji na kata kurahisisha upandaji miti. Kule Iringa, Njombe, Makete miti ya mbao na miligoti ya magogo ya umeme ni Cash Crop. Bado juhudi za Rufiji River Basin. Kama utafanya Ex-post Evaluation ya Miradi ya DANIDA ya soil and moisture conservation ya mid 1980 to 2000 upite kule walikoffanya land use planning uangalie matokeo yake kwa sasa unaweza kuona kuwa-Sisi watanzania bila ya sheria kuchukua mkondo wake-hatutakuwa na maendeleo yoyote. Miradi na mafunzo yanatolewa lakini utendaji mdogo sana. Hata walipoamua kuanzisha shamba darasa walitaka ile training iwe grassroots mafunzo na utendaji ktk shamba la mfano na kwako wanafuatia. Ikifika sasa muda wa kukabidhi muendelee-mbarudia mlikotoka. Jiko sanifu mlilotengeneza nyumbani baada ya mafunzo, likakaguliwa, likiharibika huna muda wa kulitengeneza jipya unaweka mawe matatu yamekwisha. Ukivuna ile miti uliyopanda kupewa bure kitaruni na mlianzishiwa bustani za miti kwa kipato-mkauza, hela mkafisadi, ushindani kichamba NGO ya ujasiriamali inakufa. Mara umeuza eneo ulilopanda miti linapendeza, umeoa mke wa tatu, umehamia kijiji kingine kwa mjomba kuna ardhi. Hata kuwe na mifumo mizuri vipi utayari wa sisi kubadilika mitazamo, mienendo na utendaji kwa ajili ya manufaa yetu ni muhimu sanasana ili kupata maendeleo. Ndio maana kiboko cha sheria kinaweza kusaidia sana kuliko SIASA za kutuchekea na kuchekacheka!!
--------------------------------------------
On Sat, 20/2/16, 'ELISA MUHINGO' via Wanabidii <wanabidii@googlegroups.com> wrote:
Subject: Re: [wanabidii] Re: [Wanazuoni] Uchomaji mkaa na uharibifu wa mazingira
To: Wanazuoni@yahoogroups.com, wanabidii@googlegroups.com
Cc: wanabidii@googlegroups.com
Date: Saturday, 20 February, 2016, 13:06
aada ya tafiti na miradi yote hiyo
ungetegemea watanzania kuwa wanatumia technologia hizo ili
kustawisha misitu yetu na kulinda mazingira. Ungetegemea
kukuta majiko hayo yametengenezwa kwa wingi na hayalipishwi
kodi na hata yamewekewa ruzuku (Subsidy) na serikali.
Unaweza kujiuliza kwa nini kompyuta zisamehewe kodi na si
majiko yanayotumia nishati nafuu.
Hii inaweza kutusaidia kujua kuwa ni serikali gani tumekuwa
nazo (labda tutaendelea kuwa nazo)
Ukifuatilia sana utakuta viongozi wetu waklipotembelea
miradi hiyo walitoa'maagizo'. Yaani hawakuondoka na wazo la
kutengeneza sera kusaidia ugunduzi ambazo zingesaidia
kuimarisha matokeo na kujenga tabia ya watanzania kupunguzq
ukataji wa miti.
Viongozi wetu wana tabia ya kutaka kutoa maagizo na hasa
yale ya 'kumuweka ndani' kumtimua sheria kuchukua mkondo
wake' nakadhalika
Ndiyo maana tunayo sheria ambayo haiwezi kutekelezeka.
Sheria ya kuzuia ukataji a uchomaji mkaa. huwezi kuwa na
sheria hiyo bila nishati mbadalamkwa wananchi wote halafu
ukajidanganya kuwa inatekelezeka. Kujua kama inatekelezeka
ni kuwaona watu wanakufa njaa au wanakula bila kupika.
karibu 95% ya watanzania wanatumia mkaa hata mijini. Umeme
unawasha taa tu.
Tutarajie serikali inayosikia kuweza kurekebisha kasoro
hizi. Wataanza kwa kutaka ufafanuzi wa yaliyoandikwa humu
--------------------------------------------
On Sat, 2/20/16, Hildegarda Kiwasila <khildegarda@yahoo.co.uk>
wrote:
Subject: [wanabidii] Re: [Wanazuoni] Uchomaji mkaa na
uharibifu wa mazingira
To: Wanazuoni@yahoogroups.com
Cc: wanabidii@googlegroups.com
Date: Saturday, February 20, 2016, 12:42 PM
Hakuna ambacho hakijajaribiwa tanzania. Mkaa bora
umefanyiwa
kazi kuanzia kutumia vigunzi vya mahindi na mataka mengine
ya shamba. Majiko sanifu ya udongo ndani nje bati yanauzwa
masokoni mijini na vijijini na yale ya kuchomea nyama ya
wima miguu minne ambayo hutumika kwenye baadhi ya bar na
nyama choma; majiko sanifu ya udongo majumbani vijijini;
jiko sanifu za Taasisi ambazo TATEDO wamefundisha mafundi
kimkoa, kiwilaya, vijijini ukiwahitaji omba simu zao
TATEDO
hapo Bamaga near LHRC wanakupa TOT wa Wilaya akupatie mtu
huko ulipo. Bado matofari-kuchoma tofari za udongo bila
kuharibu mazingira kwa kutumia pumba za mpunga, taka za
nyumbani, vigunzi vya mahindi. Wamefundisha haya kilosa,
kilombero wanakoplima mpunga. Training ya mafundi vijijini
na vijana kufyatua matofari ya soil cement ya interlocking
mtu ujenge bila ya kutumia cement nyingi labda kwenye
foundation tu na yanaingiliana unasakafia uwanja kote
unalaza tofari. Building Research Unit (BRU) ya wizara ya
Ardhi ya Mwanzo baada ya Uhuru wakati wa ujamaa vijijini
ilitakiwa kusaidia ujenzi wa nyumba na vyoo bora. Ipo
mwenge
jirani na JWTZ na soko la mwenge (opposite soko) kwenye
round about kwa sasa ni Building and Housing Research
Agency. Hawa .Hawa walipata funding ya SIDA na NORAFD enzi
na 1980s wakafanya research za nyumba na vifaa vya ujenzi.
Wakaboresha nyumba za makabila za mila na desturi zao
kujenga bora za mfano mikoa na wilaya hizo. Mfano Gogo
Tembe
na Maasai Manyata za kisasa kwa design za kimila.
Kutengeneza mashine na module za kufyatulia
sisal-cement roofing sheets (mabati ya katani na saruji);
soils cement ya kusakafia. Badala ya kumaliza miti ambayo
huenda pia haipo maeneo mengine lakini kuna limestones au
gypsum unajenga nyumba bora. Nyumba hizo bora Mzee baba wa
Taifa aliomba zijengwe kwa wala matunda-Hadza wasilale
katika vibanda vya nyasi. Zikajengwa wakahamishiwa humo,
bahati mbaya mwanzoni waliezeka kwa bati. Mvua iliponyesha
bati likapiga kelele wala matunda wakakimbia. Nyumba
zikahamia watu wengine walioona wanashida hizo hazikaliwi.
Nchi imekuwa na miradi ya Mitungi-Soil Cement Tanks
mikubwa
ya kuhifadhia maji ya mvua ktk taafisi na majumbani.
Mitungi
mikubwa inatengenenzwa kupitia udongo saruji na vipo
vijarida vinavyoonyesha kwa picha jinsi ya kutengeneza kwa
kutumia udongo saruji na vifao vyake (Gunia lililoshonwa
kama mtungi) kisha unatengeneza tungi kubwa au midogo
kuwekea maji. UNICEF TZ wana vijitabu na miongozo kama
hiyo
wametumia nchini na kuelimisha matumizi ya soil-sand
filters
za mitungi kutakasia maji ya kunywa pale ambapo kuni za
kuchemsha maji hakuna.
Tanzania Christian Refugee Services nao walisaidia mengi
Singida pamoja na agroforestry ya kurudisha uoto
ulioondolewa na kuboresha ardhi, wasisaidia mashine za
mkono
za kukamulia Alizeti kuboresha kipato.
Hao wachomao mkaa walio wengi ni majangili. Kundi linaanza
kuuchoma kisarawe wanamaliza misitu mpaka kilwa. Hela
wapatazo wengi wao hawatumii kewa maendeleo kwani
wangeanzisha biashana na asingekuwa ana haja ya kukatakata
kila mara eti anaganga njaa. Kama Capital amepata kwa
kukata
eneo fulani, kwa nini aendelee kukata maisha yake youte?
Wakamatwe. Serikali ndio inataka ukataji miti uendelee
kwani
inatoa leseni kumpa mtu akate miti lakini mtu huyo hana
shamba la miti. Sera ya JK Nyerere ya Panda Mti Kata Mti
imedhadhauliwa. Panda Mti Kibiashara inaendeshwa na
Finnida
Njombe. Panda ili upate leseni ukate uuze. Wazazi wengibe
waliopo maeneo ya shule wana ardhi kubwa lakini hawapandi
miti. Isiopokuwa akihitaji miti anakwenda ndani ya eneo ya
shule usiku anakata. Kwane pamoja na kuishi hapo maisha
yake
yote nyumba ipo uchi haikuzungugwa na miti, hana miti hata
ya matunda-mwembe, mpoera, mchungwa, mfenesi. Kazi yake
kuomba kwa wenzie au kuiba, kununua. Akipanda nyoka
watakuja, majini yatatumwa, wachawi watatua! Hata kivulri
cha kukaa mwenyewe hakuna bali pia kuingia misitu hifadhi
kukata miti ya matumizi nyumbani na ya kuuza. Anakula
embe-anatupa jalalani. Kula embe-panda kokwa la embe!!
Kuanzia sasa-serikali isitoe vibali vya magogo ya miti,
mkaa, mbao kama mtu hana shamba la miti. Watakao vitu
hivyo
waende kununua ktk plantation ilikopandwa kwa makampuni na
watu binafsi-njombe, iringa etc wao wenye miti ndio wapate
vibali waweke soko wawauzie. Waonyeshe risiti na mihuri
walikonunua na vibari cha kusafiririshia kutoka kata hiyo
alikonunua. Mapato ya serikali yataingia tu. Nayo GVT
irejeshe mashamba yake ya mikaratusi, grenvilea, minazi
kwani mbao za minazi ni nzuri hasa. Serikali ijirekebishe
ina makosa mengi. Unawekaje huduma ya maji, umeme ktk eneo
la makazi yasio rasmi kisha usilitambue na uwabomolee?
Unatoaje kibali cha kukata miti ya mbao, kuuza mkaa wakati
huyo mtu hana msitu wa kupanda au wa kimila? Ina
maana-unahalalisha uhariobifu wa mazingira.
Majiko sanifu yalikuja kulinda mazingira pia kuondoa
tatizo
la akina mama mfano usukumani Lake zone kutegemea kupikia
kwa kutumia kashata za kinyesi cha ng'ombe. Kisha ule
moshi
wenye gas mbaya kuwafanya wawe na macho mekundu na
baadae kuuawa kusingiziwa uchawi. Mchawi ana macho
mekundu.
Kuganga njaa ganga kwa kupanda leo miti lakini ununue kwa
wanaouza wnye miti sio ukate pale ambako hujapanda hata.
Ukifika UDSM au Univ of Sokoine misitu minene. Lakini
majirani na Univ of Sokoine na ardhi iliyopo kubwa-hawana
muda kupanda miti na utaona nyumba zao zilivyo hoi na hapo
sokoine kuna miembe ya muda mfupi, mtama, uwele na ulezi,
minazi ya miaka michache, mahindi, soya, choya, mbuzi na
ng'ombe wa kisasa, nguruwe-wananchi wazawa hawana muda!!
Wanaendelea na traditional seeds and practices za kilimo
na
ufugaji usio endelevu. Ikaanzishwa "Shamba Darasa" chini
ya
sera za kilimo kama ilivyopita ya Training and Visit
System
kuboresha kilimo. Ikiisha shamba darasa wakapewa vyeti hao
TOT vijijini, bustani zikalimwa na mashamba ya mfano
kuzalisha yakasifiwa. Wakapata T-shirts na posho wakati wa
vikao-Shamba darasa likiisha muda wake-wanarudi walikotoka
kama kawaida. Hatufiki mbali. Agro-forestry ya HIMA
Iringa,
Njombe Makete (Hifadhi Ardhi na Mazingira), Mbeya DANIDA
funded. Hii ilisaidia Village Land Use Planning vijiji vya
Mradi Iringa Njombe na mapping ya Catchment forests
wakaweka
beacons na kuna misitu hifadhi vyanzo vya maji ambayo
yanategemewa na Kihansi Dam (Njombe); imefanyika kilimo
endelevu Ruvuma (SNV supported); HESAWA lake zone na
agro-forests, protection of traditional water sources
imeishia wapi? Ikaja creation of River Basins and River
Basin Authorities with Offices and a decentralized system
na
mafunzo yametolewa. Bado upo ugomvi wa protection of
forests
na Wetland areas na participatory mapping and land use
planning katika vijiji husika imefanyika. Wahamiaji wa
kuvamia misitu, mifugo hama hama, kilimo hamahama au
kisicho
endelevu bado ni utata. Mbongo-umfanye nini abadilike
wakati
akili yake pamoja na mafunzo na bylaws inabaki kuwa ya
mgando?
Land Use Planning na kutoa hati miliki, Katiba kukataza
kuhamahama bila kibali, sheria kulazimisdha sustainable
land
use kwa kilimo na ufugaji kukataza kuwa an mifugo beyond
land's carrying capacity hata kama una ranchi; kulazimisha
na kuhesabu kuwa kila mwanakijiji ana msitu au miti yake
pale kijijini alipo-ya matunda kwa ajili ya asya na ya
kuni
ila iwe environmental friendly; bwana kilimo, mifugo,
misitu
wanakagua kuona sekta zao mambo yanakwenda sawa kwa kila
kaya ktk kata/vijiji vyao na kuna maji protected ya watu
na
mifugo-kwa kuchangia na kulinda vyanzo. Ukikuta mifugo
inazurura hovyo mchana au inasafirishwa usiku-kamata, uza
mpe hela iliyobaki kutoka faini. Amehamia kulima public
land, protected area-kamata, mpeleke gereza la kilimo
akalime, fyeka mazao yake. Kusiwe na huruma-tutabaki daima
tulipo ile mental disability itaendelea kuwepo.Njaa na
mafuriko yakiwakumba-Serikali haijali watu wake. Ila
wanapokata miti na kukausha ardhi-tunaganga njaa serikali
inatukataza-hatuna ajira ajira ni miti hii tumejiajiri.
Huku
tuliko maji hakuna mto umekauka. Serikali ituletee
maji! Ukiwahurumia wakae watapanda mazao msimu huu na
ujao inafika miaka 10 watasema-tulikuwepo tangu miaka 10+
iliyopita na hata mbio za mwenge zinatutembelea, shule na
zahanati tumejenga etc. A lot of psychiatric disorders,
backward-improper and primitive mindsets.
Kama Kawa-Enjoy your weekend!!
--------------------------------------------
On Sat, 20/2/16, BeeJay bj1707@gmail.com
[Wanazuoni] <Wanazuoni@yahoogroups.com>
wrote:
Subject: Re: [Wanazuoni] Uchomaji mkaa na uharibifu
wa
mazingira
To: Wanazuoni@yahoogroups.com
Date: Saturday, 20 February, 2016, 11:15
Hello Prof.
There are quite a few people who are making
briquettes from agricultural waste - wanauita "mkaa
bora" na as far as I know, hauna madhara kwa
binadamu
coz hauna moshi.
Shida ni kwamba wanaokata miti na kuuza mkaa
wanafanya hivyo for daily subsistence. Utengenezaji
wa
hizo
briquettes unahitaji investment kubwa kidogo ambayo
sio
wengi watakaoweza kuimudu. Labda wawe organized
kisha
wapewe
mikopo. Lakini la msingi zaidi ni mindset. Watu
wengi
wamezoea kuhemea. Atoke nyumbani akahangaike na hiki
na
kile
arudi nyumbani na chakula pamoja na mahitaji mengine.
We
first need to change that mindset of these people and
then
carry out rigorous sensitization or better yet,
educate
the charcoal producer, the seller and the buyer
kuhusu a
safer and more sustainable approach to charcoal
production.
My take!
Ngoja wake wataalamu watujuze.
BJ
On Feb 19, 2016 7:54
PM, "'Mbogoni, Lawrence' mbogonil@wpunj.edu
[Wanazuoni]" <Wanazuoni@yahoogroups.com>
wrote:
Wananet/Wanazuoni,
Awali niliona barua pepe
kuhusu mkuu wa mkoa wa Kigoma kutoa amri ya
kusitisha
uchomaji wa mkaa kuzui uharibifu wa mazingira.
Katika
utafiti wangu nimeona nyaraka za wakati wa ukoloni,
hususan
Trinidad and Tobago, juu ya kukabiliana na
tatizo la uchomaji mkaa.
The reports from Trinidad
suggested the use of briquettes (aina ya mkaa) made
from
lignite and asphalt. I would like to ask the
engineers and
scientists ukumbini, can Tanzania go this way? That
is
depending on whether or not we have lignite
deposits in Tanzania and asphalt is available as a
by-product of the oil refinery at Kigamboni. If we
can
locally produce briquettes to replace charcoal that
would
surely help to alleviate ukataji wa miji kwa ajili
ya
kutengeneza mkaa. Also, would the use
of such briquettes be safe, healthwise?
Just thinking out
loud.
Mbogoni
__._,_.___
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<bj1707@gmail.com>
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