[wanabidii] UKWELI KUHUSU MGOGORO WA MPAKA KATI YA TANZANIA NA MALAWI

Mgogoro huo ulianza enzi ya Kamuzu Banda alipokuwa raisi. miaka ya sitini Kamuzu alikuwa anazungumza kwenye redio yao, Malawi Broadcasting Corporation kutoka Blantyre, Malawi, na kusema ziwa lote ni la Malawi na pia wilaya ya Rungwe na hadi Mbeya ni sehemu ya Malawi.

Kuna siku mwezi wa September 1968 Nyerere alimwita Banda ni kichaa. Alikasirika sana kwa sababu ya madai ya Mzee Kamuzu kwamba sehemu za Tanzania ni za Malawi. Alidai hata Mbamba Bay na sehemu zingine mkoani Ruvuma karibu na Ziwa Nyasa kwamba ni za Malawi. Pia alidai jimbo lote, Eastern Province, la Zambia. Kaunda alimjibu Banda na kusema ni shauri yake akitaka kuanzisha vita.

Kabla ya mgogoro huo, Banda alikuja Tanzania na kukutana na Nyerere mwaka 1962 na kumwambia hakuna nchi ya Mozambique. Alimwambia Nyerere wagawane nchi hiyo. Alimwambia Nyerere sehemu ya kaskazini ya Mozambique, sehemu ya Wamakonde jimbo la Cobo Delgado, "ni lako" Nyerere. Ni sehemu ya Tanzania. Sehemu za Mozambique zilizobaki ni za Malawi, Rhodesia na Swaziland. Nyerere alimpuuza tu.

Baada ya miaka michache, 1968, Kamuzu akatangaza na kusema sehemu zetu za Tanzania nilizozitaja hapo juu ni sehemu za Malawi.

Mzee Kamuzu alikuwa ni mkorofi sana.

CHANZO CHA MGOGORO

Mgogoro wa ziwa umetokana na uamuzi wa wakoloni wa Kiingereza kuliweka ziwa hilo chini ya utawala wao wa Nyasaland wakati walipokuwa wanatawala nchi hiyo na ilipokuwa ni British Protectorate. Walifanya uamuzi huo baada ya Wajerumani kushindwa katika vita kuu ya kwanza na Waingereza walipoichukua German East Afrika - iliyokuwa inaitwa Deutsch Ostafrika katika Kijerumani - na kuwa koloni yao ya Tanganyika. Kabla ya hapo, kutokana na makubaliano kati ya Waingereza waliokuwa watawala wa Nyasaland na Wajerumani waliokuwa watawala wa nchi yetu, mpaka wa ziwa ulikuwa kati ya ziwa. Na ndiyo mpaka huo tu ambao ni halali pamoja na jina kuitwa Nyasa, siyo Malawi.

Uamuzi wa Waingereza kuliweka ziwa hilo chini ya utawala wao Nyasaland haukubadilisha mpaka wa ziwa kihalali kwa sababu mipaka yote ya nchi zetu ilikubaliwa wakati bara letu lilipogawanywa na wakoloni. Ni mipaka hiyo ambayo hata sisi tuliikubali baada ya kupata uhuru na hakuna hata nchi moja ambayo ina haki peke yake ya kubadilisha mipaka hiyo. Hata Waingereza hawakuwa na haki ya kulikiweka Ziwa Nyasa chini ya ukoloni wao Nyasaland kwa sababu walivunja makubaliano yao na Wajerumani ambayo yalisema mpaka wa ziwa ni kati ya ziwa hilo: nusu ni sehemu ya Deutsch Ostafrika ambayo sasa ni Tanganyika, na nusu nyingine ni ya Nyasaland chini ya utawala wa Waingereza.

Hata wilaya ya Rungwe ambayo ilijumuisha Kyela na Ileje ilikuwa inatawaliwa kutoka Nyasaland mara tu baada ya Wajerumani kushindwa vita kuu ya kwanza na Waingereza walipopewa madaraka ya kutawala nchi ambayo ilikuwa ni koloni ya Wajerumani; yaani nchi yetu ya Tanganyika.

Deutsch Ostafrika - German East Africa - ilikuwa ni nchi tatu: Tanganyika, Ruanda na Urundi (nchi ambazo zilibadili majina na kuitwa Rwanda na Burundi mwaka 1962 baada ya kupata uhuru).

League of Nations - jumuiya ya mataifa iliyoitangulia United Nations - iliwapa Wabeligiji Ruanda na Urundi. Koloni hizo mbili za Wabeligiji zilikuwa zinatawaliwa kutoka Leopoldville, mjii mkuu wa Belgian Congo, nchi ambayo pia ilikuwa inatawaliwa na Wabeligiji. Mpango huo ni kama vile wilaya ya Rungwe ilipowahi kutawaliwa kutoka Karonga na Waingereza waliokuwa wanatawala wa Nyasaland na baadaye kiuchukua nchi yetu ya Tanganyika kutoka kwa Wajerumani.

Baada ya vita kuu ya kwanza, na Wajerumani kushindwa vita hiyo, waziri mkuu wa Uingereza, Lloyd George, kwenye mkutano wa League of Nations alimwambia raisi wa USA, Woodrow Wilosn, kwamba aichukue German East Africa, yaani nchi yetu, na kuiweka chini ya utawala wa Merikani baada ya Wajerumani kuipoteza nchi hiyo katika vita kuu ya kwanza. Lakini President Wilson alikataa. Angekubali, nchi yetu ingetawaliwa na USA na tungekuwa koloni ya USA. Baada ya Rais Wilson kukataa kuichukua nchi yetu, Lloyd George akakubali na kusema ataichukua Tanganyika na kuiweka chini ya utawala wa nchi yake ya Uingereza. Tuliponea chupuchupu kuchukuliwa na Wamerika. Nchi yetu ingechukuliwa na Wamerika, labda tusingepata uhuru. Wamerika wangeing'ang'ania nchi yetu kama vile walivyo ng'ang'ania nchi zingine walizochukua bila kuzipa uhuru.

Kuhusu Ziwa Nyasa, kwa kifupi ni kwamba mpaka halali uko kati ya Ziwa. Ni mpaka ambao Wajerumani na Waingereza walikubaliana kuzigawa koloni zao: Nyasaland kuwa ya Waingereza; nchi yetu, Deutsh Ostafrika, kuwa ni ya Wajerumani. Walikubaliana kwamba mpaka wa ziwa ni kati ya ziwa hilo. Upande mmoja tu, Waingereza, hawakuwa na haki ya kubadili mpaka kati ya Tanganyika na Nyasaland walipolikweka ziwa hilo chini ya utawala wao Nyasaland.

Nukuru kutoka kitabu cha Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era, ukurasa 484:

"Dr. Banda also claimed substantial parts of Tanzania, including - Rungwe district - and the rest of Mbeya Region in southwestern Tanzania, as Malawian territory. He also claimed the entire Eastern Province of Zambia, provoking a curt response from Zambia's president, Dr. Kenneth Kaunda, who challenged Banda to 'Go ahead and declare war on Zambia.^'

And President Nyerere dismissed Banda's claim to large chunks of Tanzanian territory as 'expansionist outbursts, which do not scare us, and do not deserve my reply.' The outlandish claim also drew a sharp response from Nyerere who said Dr. Banda was 'insane.' But, he warned, 'Dr. Banda must not be ignored; the powers behind him are not insane.^'"


Akizungumza ktk chuo kikuu cha Dar es Salaam, November 1997, Mwalimu Nyerere alisema

"In 1961 we became independent. In 1962, early 1962, I resigned as prime minister and then a few weeks later I received Dr. Banda. Mungu amuweke mahali pema (May God rest his soul in peace). I received Dr. Banda. We had just, FRELIMO had just been established here and we were now in the process of starting the armed struggle.

So Banda comes to me with a big old book, with lots and lots of maps in it, and tells me, 'Mwalimu, what is this, what is Mozambique? There is no such thing as Mozambique.' I said, 'What do you mean there is no such thing as Mozambique?' So he showed me this map, and he said: 'That part is part of Nyasaland (it was still Nyasaland, not Malawi, at that time). That part is part of Southern Rhodesia, that part is Swaziland, and this part, which is the northern part, Makonde part, that is YOUR part.'

So Banda disposed of Mozambique just like that. I ridiculed the idea, and Banda never liked anybody to ridicule his ideas. So he left and went to Lisbon to talk to Salazar about this wonderful idea. I don't know what Salazar told him. That was '62."

CHANZO : http://www.jamiiforums.com/jukwaa-la-siasa/300613-ukweli-kuhusu-mpaka-wa-tanzania-na-malawi-8.html

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